---
title: RQA
description: LLM-based for semantics. The RQA detects ambiguity, absolutes, compound requirements, and more — and generates an improvement proposal instantly.
---
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# Defining requirements has never been easier
Evaluates every requirement for ambiguity, singularity, and feasibility — based on INCOSE ISO 29148.
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## Generates an improved formulation for each requirement
Requirements Quality Analyser
Select a requirement below to view the full INCOSE quality analysis.
· SET ANALYSIS 7
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CLASSIFICATIONAll
RULEAll rules
SET ANALYSISAll
7 / 7
| Score | ID | Title | SOI | Classification | Current requirement text | Findings | DUP / CONTRA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | REQ-GEN-001 | Defect-free lifetime | Structure | Requirement | The viaduct shall always be completely free of any defects and shall never require maintenance. | R14 R22 | |
| 2 | REQ-GEN-002 | Loads & fire safety | Structure | Requirement | The structure shall withstand traffic loads and wind loads and meet fire safety standards etc. | R18 R9 | |
| 4 | REQ-PLT-001 | Deck inspection | Deck | Requirement | The deck surface shall be inspected every 12 months by a certified inspector. | None | DUP |
| 4 | REQ-PLT-002 | Annual inspection | Deck | Requirement | The bridge deck shall be inspected annually by a qualified structural engineer. | None | DUP |
| 2 | REQ-GEO-001 | Clearance height A | Geometry | Requirement | The minimum clearance height shall be 4.50 metres above road level. | R22 | CONTRA |
| 2 | REQ-GEO-002 | Clearance height B | Geometry | Requirement | The free height above the carriageway shall not be less than 4.20 metres. | R22 | CONTRA |
| 5 | REQ-GEO-003 | Deck width | Geometry | Requirement | The bridge deck shall have a minimum width of 9.50 m between inner faces of parapets. | None | |
7 requirements loaded — select a row to analyse
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How it works
## Two layers. One reliable verdict.
The RQA analyses every requirement through a two-layer approach: first deterministically on hard rules, then via AI on semantics and context. This produces a substantiated quality verdict per requirement.
LAYER 1 · DETERMINISTIC
Algorithmic check on hard INCOSE rules
The first layer operates via a rule engine with word lists for Dutch and English. Fast, consistent and fully repeatable.
- Detection of vague terms: "sufficient", "adequate", "optimal"
- Open-ended formulations: "etc.", "among others", "including but not limited to"
- Check on shall/dient formulation (R31)
LAYER 2 · LLM-SEMANTIC
AI analysis on context and meaning
The second layer uses Claude to assess rules that require contextual understanding — singularity, verifiability and solution freedom.
- Detect compound requirements and generate split proposals
- Assess verifiability: are criteria measurable?
- Generate improvement proposal per requirement in INCOSE structure
Quality rules
## Eight INCOSE rules. Checked per requirement.
The RQA assesses every requirement against eight quality rules based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 and the INCOSE SE Handbook. Every finding is substantiated and traceable.
Code
Rule
What is checked
Layer
R7
Vagueness
Vague terms without measure: "sufficient", "adequate", "appropriate", "efficient", "optimal", "reasonable"
L1 + L2
R9
Open ends
Open-ended formulations: "etc.", "and similar", "among others", "including but not limited to"
L1
R14
Absolutes
Technically unachievable absolute values: "100%", "always", "never", "completely", "absolute"
L1
R18
Singularity
Compound requirements using "and"/"or" that link two different subjects or performance requirements
L1 + L2
R22
Verifiability
Are concrete criteria, measurable values or test methods present? If not: requirement is not verifiable
L2
R28
Solution freedom
Does the requirement prescribe the solution instead of the need? Does not apply to constraints
L2
R31
Shall formulation
Use of "shall" as modal verb. "Must", "will", "can" are non-compliant with INCOSE
L1
C10–C14
Set-level
Completeness, consistency, feasibility, understandability and traceability of the full requirements set
Set
Export: .xlsx
Export: .csv
Score per requirement
Improvement proposal included
Classification
## Classify first. Then analyse.
Before the RQA assesses a requirement, the system determines whether it is a requirement at all. This prevents process descriptions or definitions from being incorrectly evaluated.
Input — three texts
The system shall provide a usable floor area of at least 350 m² per building level.
Group rooms groups 1,2: 6 units, 62 m² net, total 372 m².
This chapter describes the background of the programme of requirements.
= Category 1: REQUIREMENT
= Category 2: LATENT REQUIREMENT
= Category 3: NOT A REQUIREMENT
RQA
classification
Output — different action per category
CATEGORY 1 — REQUIREMENT → full INCOSE analysis
Text contains a modal verb and expresses a need. All 8 quality rules are applied.
CATEGORY 2 — LATENT REQUIREMENT → reformulate
Implicit need via quantitative info or standards. RQA proposes an explicit reformulation.
CATEGORY 3 — NOT A REQUIREMENT → skipped
Process description, explanation or definition. No INCOSE analysis performed.
Improvement proposal
## Not just flagging. Also improving.
For every finding, the RQA immediately generates a concrete improvement proposal. From vague formulation to INCOSE-compliant requirement — in one step.
!
Original requirement
"The system must provide sufficient ventilation for the spaces, always and under all circumstances."
R7
Vagueness detected
"Sufficient" is a vague term without a measurable value. Specify a concrete standard, e.g. a ventilation rate in m³/h or m³/h per person.
R14
Absolute detected
"Always and under all circumstances" is a technically unachievable absolute. Replace with a concrete condition, e.g. "under normal operating conditions".
R31
Non-compliant formulation
"Must" is non-compliant with INCOSE. Use "shall" as the modal verb.
Quality score
2.1
out of 5.0 — Insufficient
R7 Vagueness CRITICAL
R14 Absolute CRITICAL
R31 Formulation WARNING
Improvement proposal
"The ventilation system **shall** deliver a minimum fresh air supply of **30 m³/h per person**, under normal operating conditions in accordance with EN 15251."
✓ "Sufficient" → 30 m³/h per person
✓ "Always" → under normal operating conditions
✓ "Must" → shall (INCOSE-compliant)
Use cases
## Proven in practice.
The RQA has been tested on requirements sets from construction, infrastructure and energy — from school buildings to complex infrastructure contracts with hundreds of requirements.
Construction · PvE
School building Programme of Requirements
Live RQA analysis on a complete school building PvE. Vagueness, absolutes and non-compliant formulations immediately flagged with improvement proposals.
Live tested · school PvE
Energy · Technical spec
Energy system specifications
RQA analysis on technical requirements for energy systems. Verifiability and measurability of performance requirements centrally assessed.
RQA testing successfully completed
Infrastructure · UAV-GC
Contract requirements Trapo Zuid
Quality analysis on requirements from the UAV-GC contract for rail project Zwolle–Dalfsen. Singularity and solution freedom particularly relevant in contract context.
Hegeman · BAM · ProRail
Universal
Large requirements sets (600+ requirements)
CAP-16 set-level analysis scales to 600+ requirements via a two-step architecture: Claude Haiku for the index, Claude Sonnet for set-level reasoning.
Scalable to 600+ requirements
Review · Audit
INCOSE quality audit
RQA output is fully traceable and audit-ready. Every finding is linked to an INCOSE rule code and supported by substantiation.
Audit-ready output
Future
Set-level duplicate detection (roadmap)
Automatic detection of overlapping and contradictory requirements within a requirements set. CAP-16 extension is on the roadmap for 2026.
Roadmap · 2026
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